Pulps — Guidelines for using laboratory refiners to simulate industrial low consistency refining

This document provides guidelines for the laboratory refining of various pulps intended for paper production including:

— Harmonization of terms and parameters for the simulation of industrial refining processes by laboratory refiners;

— Treatment of pulp samples in a (semi) continuous operation in contrast to the batch operation of laboratory beating equipment such as the PFI mill;

— Evaluation of fibres for papermaking, in particular chemical market pulps, under close-to-reality conditions in terms of refining intensity and refining energy consumption.

This document only considers refiners operating at low stock concentration, i.e. 3 % to 5 %.